Proposed New Constitution for the Unites States of America

Preamble
1. Whereas,
  1. the United States of America is a federation of cooperating states,
  2. thirteen (13) of those states seceding,
    1. via the Declaration of Independence, a joint act of secession—
    2. ratified in the year 1776, on July 4th (JD 2369916)—
  3. joining in confederation thereafter,
    1. under the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union—
    2. ratified in the year 1781, on March 1st (JD 2371617)—
  4. re-joining in federation,
    1. under the Constitution of 1788—
    2. ratified in the year 1788, on June 21st (JD 2374286)—
  5. admitting additional states over the ensuing years,
  6. and amending that Constitution twenty-seven (27) times.
2. Whereas,
  1. the Constitution of 1788 has been adequate to most challenges,
  2. but the People have developed beyond the imaginings of our predecessors,
  3. driving political changes sufficient to forever reshape governance.
3. Therefore,
  1. we, the people of the United States—
  2. to
    1. improve upon our Union,
    2. establish justice,
    3. ensure domestic tranquility,
    4. provide for our common defense,
    5. promote the general welfare,
    6. secure the blessings of liberty,
    7. and guard vigilantly the exercise of our rights—
  3. for
    1. ourselves
    2. and our future compatriots,
  4. do ordain and establish this Constitution, for the United States of America.
Establishment
1. Proposal, Ratification, and Establishment
  1. This Constitution will be proposed by the procedures in Article V of the Constitution of 1788:
    1. by joint resolution, passed on a two-thirds (0.6 fraction) or greater vote, of both Senate and House of Representatives,
    2. or by the rules of a Convention called by the legislatures of two-thirds (0.6 fraction) of member states.
  2. This Constitution will be established when ratified by the procedures in Article V of the Constitution of 1788:
    1. by three-quarters (0.75 fraction) or more of member states,
    2. via the existing legislative process of the state,
    3. or via a public Convention, open to all adult persons domiciled in the state.
  3. Upon establishment, the remaining non-ratifying states will have 6 years (1.89×10⁸ s) to ratify.
  4. In any state that has not ratified by 6 years (1.89×10⁸ s) after establishment,
    1. the issue of ratification will be put to a direct vote, by all adult persons in the state,
    2. and ratification will occur if one-half (0.5 fraction) or more of all voting persons choose to ratify.
2. Expulsion
  1. If any state has not ratified by 7 years (2.21×10⁸ s) after establishment, it will be expelled from the Federation.
  2. Reasonable efforts will be made to peacefully unravel an expelled state from its entanglements with the United States.
3. Termination
  1. This Constitution cannot be established, and will have no effect, unless established within 12 years (3.79×10⁸ s) of its proposal.
Repeals
1. Repeal of Previous Constitution
  1. The Constitution of 1788, for the United States of America, as amended, is hereby repealed in its entirety.
2. Treaties
  1. All extant treaties with the United States of America are abrogated—
    1. excepting treaties solely between the Federation and the sovereign nations and tribes indigenous to its territorial jurisdiction—
    2. at 12 years (3.79×10⁸ s) since establishment,
    3. unless re-ratified by procedures established in law,
    4. and any treaty repugnant to this Constitution may not be re-ratified.
3. Public Laws
  1. All public laws enacted by authority of the previous Constitution are repealed,
    1. at 12 years (3.79×10⁸ s) since establishment,
    2. or when a new public law for the same purpose, with substantially similar effect, has been enacted under the authority of this Constitution,
    3. and any law repugnant to this Constitution may not be re-enacted.
4. Contracts
  1. All contracts with any government entity of or subordinate to the United States are rescinded,
    1. at 6 years (1.89×10⁸ s) since establishment;
    2. unless re-affirmed by procedures established in law;
    3. the remaining value of all rescinded obligations will be assessed fairly;
    4. by a court that would otherwise have jurisdiction over enforcement of the contract;
    5. rescinded obligations of the government entity will be converted to new bonds of equal current value;
    6. and rescinded obligations of other persons will be converted to new promissory notes of equal current value.
5. Debts
  1. All debts owed by any government entity of the United States are voided,
    1. at 6 years (1.89×10⁸ s) since establishment;
    2. unless a creditor presents proof of indebtedness by procedures established in law;
    3. to a court that would otherwise have jurisdiction over enforcement of the debt;
    4. then that debt will be converted to new bonds of equal current value.
Bill of Rights for All Persons
1. Equality Before Law, Definitions
  1. Each person is equal to every other, regarding
    1. freedoms,
    2. individual dignity,
    3. universal rights,
    4. and law.
  2. A person is any thing who has
    1. sapience,
    2. sentience,
    3. overt respect for the universal rights of all persons,
    4. the capacity to fulfill the duties required of all persons,
    5. the capacity to answer to accusations of crimes,
    6. the capacity to answer to complaints in civil actions,
    7. and the capacity to contribute to the common defense of universal rights.
  3. A child is any thing who has
    1. existence separate and independent from any person,
    2. one or more persons that serve as parent or guardian to that child,
    3. and the presumptive capacity to develop into a person.
  4. A dependent is any thing who has
    1. existence separate and independent from any person,
    2. one or more persons that serve as guardian to that dependent,
    3. sentience, if not sapience,
    4. satisfying one or more of the other criteria for personhood,
    5. but not satisfying all such criteria.
2. Universal Rights
  1. Each person has universal rights, which cannot be limited or denied by just law—
    1. not by this Constitution,
    2. nor by treaty between sovereign powers,
    3. nor by any other law,
    4. nor by any act of government.
  2. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not limit or deny any person's universal rights, except by the methods explicitly enumerated by this Constitution;
    2. may not levy any fee, duty, excise, or other tax upon the exercise of any universal right, except when explicitly permitted by this Constitution;
    3. may not discriminate by irrelevant criteria in the execution of any law.
3. Right to Existence
  1. Each person has the right to exist.
  2. Each person has the right to pursue the means to perpetuate their future existence.
  3. Each person has the right to retain the memories, histories, and artifacts of their past.
  4. Each person has the right to resist with necessary force any unlawful takings of life, liberty, or property.
  5. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not end the existence of any person as a criminal reprisal;
    2. may not arrest any person, unless such arrest conforms to Article 3, Section 9 [3|9];
    3. may not incarcerate any person, unless such incarceration conforms to Article 3, Section 10 [3|10];
    4. may not seize any property, unless such seizure conforms to Article 3, Section 17 [3|17];
    5. must act to defend the existence of persons, whenever a reasonable private defense would be inadequate;
    6. may act to defend the liberty of persons, whenever a reasonable private defense would be inadequate;
    7. may act to defend the property of persons, whenever a reasonable private defense would be inadequate.
  6. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for reasonable and acceptable defenses of a person's existence;
    2. prohibiting execution as a criminal reprisal;
    3. defining criteria for reasonable and acceptable defenses of a person's liberty;
    4. defining criteria for reasonable and acceptable defenses of a person's property;
    5. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for the ending of a person's existence;
    6. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for the reduction of a person's liberty;
    7. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for the taking of a person's property;
    8. requiring the expenditure of public funds for the common defense of life, liberty, and property.
4. Right to Self-Ownership
  1. Each person has the right to control completely their own body.
  2. Each person has the right to assume ownership of fixtures permanently attached to one's body.
  3. Each person has the right to assume ownership of amendments made to one's body.
  4. Each person has the right to resist with necessary force any clouding or encumbrance of a person's ownership of their body.
  5. Each person has the right to resist with necessary force any unlawful compulsion, causing a person to act according to the will of another, instead of their own.
  6. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not enslave any person, or compel servitude of any person;
    2. may not deprive any person of the use of adequate prostheses or assistive devices;
    3. may not remove or permanently disable a person's body amendments;
    4. must act to liberate enslaved persons, and persons subjected to other compulsions or coercions.
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for acceptable defense of a person's body autonomy, body integrity, or free will;
    2. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for slavery, and other compulsions or coercions;
    3. defining civil actions for disputes involving fixtures permanently attached to a person's body;
    4. defining civil actions for disputes involving amendments made to a person's body;
    5. allowing the expenditure of public funds to supply timely and equitable redress to any injured parties in such actions, whenever it is otherwise beyond the power of the courts;
    6. requiring the expenditure of public funds for the common defense of self-ownership.
5. Right to Humane Conduct
  1. Each person has the right to not be subjected to viciousness, cruelty, degradation, torture, or other inhumane acts.
  2. Each person has the right to resist with necessary force inhumane acts against sapients, whenever required by justice or by compassion.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not engage in inhumane acts;
    2. must act to interrupt or prevent inhumane acts against a person, child, or dependent;
    3. may act to interrupt or prevent inhumane acts against other sentient beings, or beings with unknown capacity to experience pain or cruelty;
    4. may not interrupt or interfere with the provisioning of remedies to subjects of inhumane acts or inhumane conditions.
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for acceptable defense against an inhumane act affecting a sapient;
    2. defining standards for humane practices in farming, ranching, and livestock slaughter;
    3. defining standards for acceptable land use and wilderness management;
    4. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for inhumane conduct against sapients;
    5. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for inhumane conduct against other sentient beings;
    6. enumerating living species or taxonomic divisions of life that presumptively lack the capacity to experience pain or cruelty;
    7. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for conduct harmful to natural ecosystems or agriculture;
    8. requiring the expenditure of public funds as necessary for the common defense against inhumane conduct.
6. Right to Public Personhood
  1. Each person has the right to recognition as a person, publicly and before the law.
  2. Each person has the right to resist with necessary force unauthorized uses of their identities.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must protect the confidentiality of non-public identities and secret relationships;
    2. may not use any identity or identifier, which was created for a specific government administrative purpose, for any other purpose, nor allow any other entity to use it for another purpose;
    3. may not use any portion or fragment of any public or common-use identifier in the construction of a specific-use identifier;
    4. may not use any portion or fragment of one specific-use identifier in the construction of another specific-use identifier;
    5. may not use any identifier as an authenticator, nor presume that knowledge of an identity implies the authorization to use it;
    6. must act to correct confusion arising from any mistaken or fraudulent use of an identity.
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for acceptable defense against unauthorized uses of identity;
    2. providing for documentation of identity to all persons who request it,
    3. providing for documentation of identity to a person for any or all of their children and dependents;
    4. defining procedures for initially establishing an identity, such that
      1. every person, child, and dependent is guaranteed at least one public identity,
      2. additional personal identities may be established, without invalidating any others,
      3. group identities may be established, distinct from the individual founders or members;
    5. defining procedures for maintenance of identities, such that
      1. an identity may be updated or altered;
      2. a person's use of an identity may be validated;
      3. ambiguous identities may be uniquely distinguished;
      4. an identity that is no longer valid may be retired;
      5. identities may be linked, openly or confidentially, to reflect relationships which may be relevant to laws or contracts;
      6. cryptographic secrets may be attached, openly or confidentially, to an identity;
      7. mistakes arising from reasonable and ordinary use of the identity system may be corrected;
    6. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for fraudulent use of an identity;
    7. requiring the expenditure of public funds to establish and administer an identity system;
    8. defining crimes and criminal penalties for hostile access to the identity system;
    9. allowing the expenditure of public funds to supply timely and equitable redress to persons suffering harm from mistaken or fraudulent use of an identity, whenever it is otherwise beyond the power of the courts;
    10. allowing the collection of reasonable fees for use of the identity system, exempting the primary public identities guaranteed by [3|6:4.4.1].
7. Right to Equality in Law
  1. Each person has the right to equal protections of the law.
  2. Each person has the right to equitable obligations under the law.
  3. Each person has the right to equitable rewards and reprisals under the law.
  4. Each person has the right to have laws that are just, proper, clear, and concise.
  5. Each person has the right to resist with necessary force any injustice produced by a mistake of law.
  6. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must enforce all public laws uniformly, over the entire jurisdiction;
    2. may not discriminate by irrelevant criteria in the execution of any law;
    3. may not enforce any law in a manner inconsistent with the obvious purpose of that law;
    4. may not obfuscate the works of government officers or agents, whenever such secrecy is likely to produce injustice, or inequality under law.
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. that apply equitably to all persons;
    2. that are publicly known, and available for consultation at all times, without restriction, fee, or other impediment;
    3. that are enforced uniformly upon all persons within their respective jurisdictions;
    4. which are examined at 20 year (6.31×10⁸ s) intervals, to determine whether their measurable elements are equitable;
    5. which are examined at 20 year (6.31×10⁸ s) intervals, to determine whether they are just, proper, clear, and concise;
    6. defining criteria for acceptable defense against unjust or improper enforcement of the laws;
    7. defining criteria for acceptable defense against injustice produced by a mistake of law;
    8. defining criteria for acceptable secrecy in official acts and records;
    9. defining crimes and criminal penalties for gross misenforcement of the laws;
    10. defining civil actions seeking adequate redress for mistakes of law;
    11. defining civil actions against unequal execution or enforcement of laws;
    12. defining civil actions for challenging laws which may be unjust, inequitable, improper, ambiguous, or overly verbose;
    13. defining civil actions for challenging secrecy in government acts and records;
    14. requiring the expenditure of public funds for the common defense of equality in law;
    15. requiring the expenditure of public funds for conducting reviews of laws, and the protection of secrets or secret records;
    16. requiring that public records be made of known or suspected violations of law;
    17. requiring that statistical digests of such records, sufficient to judge uniformity of enforcement, be published at one month (2.62×10⁶ s) intervals.
8. Right to Competent Tribunals
  1. Each person has the right to demand redress and remedy for acts violating universal rights.
  2. The Federation will establish courts
    1. competent to hear demands for the defense of universal rights;
    2. competent to try the facts of universal rights violations;
    3. impartial to the interests of the involved persons;
    4. empowered to provide equitable redress to persons found to have suffered injury to their universal rights;
    5. empowered to issue just reprisals against persons found to have committed such injury;
    6. empowered to establish remedy in common law against acts of similar character;
    7. with jurisdiction not limited by territory, or by the location of the offense;
    8. in which one or more professional judges preside;
    9. in which a petit jury may be empaneled;
    10. and subordinate to the highest court of the United States;
    11. with appellate authority also granted to other courts of the United States, as may be required by the orderly administration of equity and justice;
    12. with appellate authority also granted to competent international tribunals, as may be required by treaty.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must hear and record grievances against themselves and their subordinates, publishing such at one month (2.62×10⁶ s) intervals;
    2. must aggregate such grievances, and upon meeting a threshold defined in law, present a formal demand for redress on behalf of the people to a court of appropriate jurisdiction;
    3. must provide adequate adversarial representation for both the aggrieved and the government, in the interest of justice and equity;
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining the procedures for recording and aggregation of grievances, and the threshold criteria triggering a formal demand;
    2. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer grievance records;
    3. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer courts of universal rights, and execute their judgments;
    4. allowing the expenditure of public funds to supply timely and equitable redress to victims, whenever it is otherwise beyond the power of these courts;
    5. requiring these courts to compile and maintain a list of entities found guilty, but beyond the enforcement of its just reprisals, and to transmit it to Congress at one year (3.16×10⁷ s) intervals;
    6. allowing the expenditure of public funds to issue letters of reprisal against any entities on that list, and to pay appropriate bounties upon successful enforcement.
9. Right to Lawful Arrest
  1. Each person has the right against arbitrary or capricious arrest.
  2. Each person has the right against detention of unreasonable duration.
  3. Each person has the right against exile.
  4. Each person has the right to resist with necessary force any arrest or detention of overtly unlawful character.
  5. Each person has the right to evade or penetrate any attempt to enforce an exile.
  6. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not arrest any person, except by the forms established in law;
    2. may not detain any person, except by the forms established in law;
    3. may not change the location of any person's lawful domicile without the consent of that person.
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining the elements of a lawful arrest, such that at minimum
      1. the arrester must have a reasonable suspicion that the arrestee has committed, or is committing, a crime;
      2. the arrester must have a reasonable expectation that the arrestee represents an ongoing credible threat against the public,
        
        by ongoing criminal behavior,
        
        or an impairment to rational capacity,
        
        or a reasonable suspicion that the arrestee may attempt to evade or obstruct justice;
      3. the arrester must clearly communicate to the arrestee, and all witnesses, the arrester's public identity, and the source of their authority to make an arrest;
      4. the arrester must clearly communicate to the arrestee, and all witnesses, that the arrestee is under arrest;
      5. the arrester must clearly communicate to the arrestee, and all witnesses, the specific crime or crimes that prompted the arrest;
      6. before collecting evidence from the arrestee, the arrester must clearly warn the arrestee about their rights relevant to their arrest and detention,
        
        the form of that warning to be fixed by law,
        
        including the right to be presumed innocent,
        
        including the right against self-incrimination,
        
        including the right to adequate legal counsel,
        
        including a request for positive confirmation that the arrestee understands their rights;
    2. restricting detention after arrest, such that
      1. any detainee who ceases to represent an ongoing credible threat against the public must be released;
      2. within 24 hours (8.64×10⁴ s) of detention at any new location, including the initial location of the arrest, the detainee must be released, or a record of their detention published publicly, to include
        
        the detainee's identity,
        
        the arrester's identity,
        
        the list of all crimes suspected at the time of the arrest,
        
        the location of the arrest,
        
        the location of the detention;
      3. within 30 days (2.59×10⁶ s) of arrest, the detainee must be released, or be indicted for their suspected crimes,
        
        to include at least one of the crimes suspected at the time of their arrest,
        
        and the indictment may not be delayed beyond what is reasonable for those crimes;
      4. within 90 days (7.78×10⁶ s) of indictment, the detainee must be released, or be given trial,
        
        to include at least one of the crimes suspected at the time of their arrest,
        
        and the trial may not be delayed beyond what is reasonable for those crimes;
      5. within 180 days (1.56×10⁷ s) of the start of trial, the detainee must be released, or be convicted of their crimes,
        
        unless the trial is delayed, by request of the detainee, for the purpose of preparing an adequate defense,
        
        and then the requirement to be released or convicted is delayed by an equal duration;
      6. detainees are fairly compensated for their detention, at the time of release or conviction,
        
        and if convicted, and penalized with a term of incarceration, fair compensation may be to reduce that term by the duration of the detention;
      7. detainees are fairly compensated for injuries or losses caused by their detention;
      8. release from detention does not affect the obligation to appear when required by the court;
      9. any bail agreement for conditional release
        
        may not require the detainee to post a bond of money or other property;
        
        must be specific to the detainee, and the circumstances of their criminal accusations;
        
        must directly serve public safety and the administration of justice;
    3. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for unlawful arrest;
    4. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for unlawful detention;
    5. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for attempting to enforce an exile;
    6. prohibiting exile as a criminal reprisal;
    7. defining criteria for acceptable defense against overtly unlawful arrest or detention;
    8. requiring the expenditure of public funds to ensure arrests and detentions are lawful, humane, and conducted reasonably.
10. Right to Fair Criminal Process
  1. Each person has the right to know the nature and cause of criminal accusations against them.
  2. Each person has the right to have the truth of criminal accusations determined in a fair and public trial.
  3. Each person has the right to adequate adversarial defense against all criminal accusations.
  4. Each person has the right for criminal accusations to be proven truthful, beyond all reasonable doubts, considering all relevant evidence.
  5. Each person has the right against excessive criminal penalties, or unjust or improper reprisals, issued pursuant to a proven criminal accusation.
  6. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish courts
    1. competent to hear accusations of crimes that are defined by law within its jurisdiction;
    2. competent to try the facts supporting or countering those accusations;
    3. impartial to the interests of the involved persons;
    4. empowered to provide equitable redress to persons found to have suffered injury by the crime;
    5. empowered to issue just penalties and reprisals against persons found to be guilty of the crime;
    6. empowered to judge whether the law defining the crime is just, proper, clear, and concise, when applied to the unique circumstances of the crime;
    7. empowered to waive reprisal for a crime if the law is found to be unjust, improper, ambiguous, or overly verbose;
    8. with jurisdiction limited by territory, and the location of the alleged offense;
    9. in which one or more professional judges preside;
    10. in which a petit jury must be empaneled;
    11. and subordinate to the highest court in its jurisdiction;
    12. with appellate authority also granted to other courts, as may be required by the orderly administration of justice.
  7. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not impede or impair the adequate prosecution of any crime;
    2. may not impede or impair the adequate defense of any person accused of a crime;
    3. must transmit all evidence discovered relevant to a crime, whether exculpatory or incriminating, timely to both prosecution and defense;
    4. must provide adequate adversarial representation for both the accused and the government, in the interest of justice and equity.
  8. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. establishing a fixed form for a criminal accusation, to be presented timely to the accused, to include
      1. the law defining the elements of the crime,
      2. the identity of the person making the accusation,
      3. all circumstances and evidence suggesting that the accused may have committed the crime.
    2. requiring its officials to publish appropriate digests of all criminal accusations, such that trials will not be spoiled by either secrecy or prejudice;
    3. defining the elements of a fair criminal trial, such that
      1. the trial is open to observation by the public,
      2. determinations of fact are made by the petit jury,
      3. the accusations must be proven by relevant evidence that eliminates all reasonable doubt,
      4. all available evidence will be supplied to both prosecution and defense for examination, before it is presented at trial;
    4. limiting reprisals against persons found guilty of crimes, such that
      1. the duration of any reprisal is limited to at most 40 years (1.26×10⁹ s);
      2. a reprisal has its maximum extent fixed at the time of conviction;
      3. reprisals must be specific to the guilty person, and proportionate to the circumstances of their crimes;
      4. reprisals are not excessive, unjust, improper, cruel, or unusual;
      5. reprisals must directly serve public safety, and the administration of justice;
      6. reprisals must endeavor to cultivate civilized behavior, rather than merely to inflict punishment;
      7. monetary fines must be proportionate to the guilty person's ability to pay them;
      8. criminal forfeitures of property must be proportionate to
        
        the property's instrumentality in the commission of the owner's crimes,
        
        and the material gains realized from those crimes;
      9. fines and forfeitures of property will be used solely to provide equitable redress to persons injured by crime;
      10. administration of reprisals must be performed by government officials, or by their agents;
      11. all agents performing such administration shall have no financial interests which may plausibly be affected by administration of reprisals;
      12. non-government persons may not profit from administration of reprisals to a greater extent than their equivalent business with free persons in the open market;
      13. incarceration will be imposed only upon guilty persons that present an ongoing credible threat against the public,
        
        and the necessity for continued incarceration will be re-evaluated at reasonable times,
        
        not to exceed 4 years (1.26×10⁸ s) between reviews;
    5. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer criminal courts, and execute their judgments;
    6. requiring the expenditure of public funds to provide for adequate prosecution and defense in criminal trials;
    7. allowing the expenditure of public funds to ensure the fairness and openness of criminal processes.
11. Right to Presumed Innocence
  1. Each person has the right to be presumed innocent of criminal acts.
  2. Each person has the right against prosecution for any act that was not defined to be criminal by law at the time it occurred.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not execute any reprisal, punishment, or overtly retaliatory act for any crime, except as directed by court order, subsequent to a fair criminal conviction;
    2. may not arrest, detain, or accuse criminally any person for actions that were not crimes when they were performed.
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining crimes, criminal penalites, and civil actions against extrajudicial reprisal, punishment, or retaliation, by government officers or agents;
    2. defining criteria for the initial burdens of proof upon the party bringing a claim or accusation;
    3. defining an absolute defense, for all criminal accusations, that the act was not defined by law to be criminal at the time it occurred;
    4. requiring the expenditure of public funds as necessary for the common defense of the presumption of innocence.
12. Right to Privacy, Anti-Defamation
  1. Each person has the right to keep information held in confidence,
  2. Each person has the right to exclude any or all other persons from hostile access to one's tangible property.
  3. Each person has the right to communicate privately, without intrusion or interference.
  4. Each person has the right to render information comprehensible only to oneself, or only to other trusted people.
  5. Each person has the right against mendacity and prevarication which may be damaging to one's public reputation.
  6. Each person has the right against compulsory production of any evidence of criminal acts, if it may be used against oneself.
  7. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not gather information beyond the scope authorized by law;
    2. may not accept or keep information gathered by other persons that exceeds the scope of its own lawful authority;
    3. may not enter, search, surveil, or seize tangible property without suspicion that it has been instrumental in the commission of a crime, or it is evidence of a crime;
    4. may not use public information channels to distribute information that is false, by preponderance of all available evidence;
    5. must safeguard encryption secrets in its possession against unauthorized uses;
    6. must report timely to the public whenever encryption secrets or methods are compromised;
    7. must obtain a warrant from a court of competent jurisdiction, whenever a search or seizure is planned, or may not use any evidence gathered;
    8. must obtain consent to admit evidence from a court of competent jurisdiction, whenever a search or seizure occurs based on reasonable suspicion that a crime is in progress, or may not use any evidence gathered;
    9. may not compel or coerce any person to produce evidence of crimes that person may have committed.
  8. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for reasonable expectations of privacy;
    2. defining criteria for acceptable defense of privacy;
    3. defining procedures to obtain public consent for gathering information;
    4. defining procedures to obtain public consent for publishing information;
    5. defining procedures to safeguard information not authorized for publication;
    6. defining procedures to distribute and disseminate information authorized for publication;
    7. allowing the expenditure of public funds to analyze existing encryption methods, and to research new encryption methods;
    8. requiring the expenditure of public funds to provide for the common defense of private information and communications, and to secure the public infrastructure for privacy;
    9. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for hostile breach of information privacy;
    10. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for hostile access to tangible property;
    11. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for publication or distribution of statements, known to be false, by government officers or agents;
    12. defining civil actions against publication or dissemination of falsehoods that damage a person's reputation;
    13. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for coerced testimony or production of evidence by government officers or agents.
13. Right to Travel, Right to Return
  1. Each person has the right to travel, unless lawfully detained pursuant to fair criminal process.
  2. Each person has the right to depart any jurisdiction.
  3. Each person has the right to transit public lands,
    1. upon the public ways and thoroughfares, if any exist for the mode of transit to be used;
    2. by any reasonable route, in the absence of public infrastructure;
    3. unless specifically restricted by law, and the law justifies the restriction with a clear public benefit.
  4. Each person has the right to transit private land,
    1. outside the curtilage of any dwelling place,
    2. outside of constructed spaces, such as buildings, earthworks, or tunnels,
    3. outside of cultivated plots or gardens,
    4. outside of areas enclosed by dense and robust walls or fencing,
    5. outside of areas conspicuously posted against trespass,
    6. with a reasonable rate of progress,
    7. in a manner that does not impair or disrupt the owners' use.
  5. Each person has the right to return to one's domicile.
  6. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not confine, incarcerate, or immobilize any person, excepting persons lawfully detained, pursuant to fair criminal process;
    2. may not deprive any person of any mobility aid or vehicle necessary to exercise their right to travel;
    3. may not impede or obstruct persons from exiting their jurisdiction, excepting persons lawfully restricted, pursuant to fair criminal process;
    4. may not impede or obstruct travel by public infrastructure, excepting temporary blockages of reasonable durations, pursuant to a specific purpose, with clear public benefit;
    5. may not impede or obstruct travel across public lands, except to enforce restrictions defined by law, with clear public benefit;
    6. may not impede or obstruct travel across private lands, except to enforce against trespass, by public posting, or by request of the owners or their agents;
    7. may not impede or obstruct any person from entering into the place of their domicile, except when that person is delayed to be apprised of a credible threat against public safety within that place.
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for reasonable transit across public lands;
    2. defining criteria for reasonable transit across private lands;
    3. defining criteria for reasonable defense of travel;
    4. defining procedures to create easements for the purpose of travel, wherever the arrangement of private properties would otherwise restrict travel;
    5. defining procedures for the safe and effective operation of vehicles and conveyances;
    6. defining procedures for the safe and effective management of traffic on public infrastructure;
    7. defining procedures for the safe and effective use of ports, hubs, and intermodal terminals;
    8. defining standards for cargo containers, and the structures and methods for securing cargo containers to vehicles;
    9. defining standards for traveler accommodations, and the structures and methods for assuring traveler safety while traveling;
    10. requiring the expenditure of public funds to build, maintain, and improve public transportation, ports, hubs, intermodal terminals, and other travel infrastructure;
    11. allowing the expenditure of public funds to build, maintain, and improve parks, monuments, recreation areas, tourism areas, and other travel destinations;
    12. defining reasonable user fees and rules of use for public travel destinations;
    13. defining crimes and criminal penalties for willful damage to public travel infrastructure;
    14. defining crimes and criminal penalties for willful damage to public travel destinations;
    15. defining additional criminal penalties for crimes committed against travelers while in transit;
    16. defining civil actions against willful impediment or obstruction to a person's travels.
    17. defining civil actions against transits of private lands wherein actions by the traveler unreasonably exceed those which are allowed by right.
14. Right to Asylum
  1. Each person has the right to seek asylum,
    1. anywhere within the jurisdiction of the United States,
    2. from persecutions that persistently violate their universal rights,
    3. not arising from a fair criminal process,
    4. and not in reprisal against overt acts abhorrent to universal rights or to cooperative civilization.
  2. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not prevent any person likely to request asylum from entering the jurisdiction;
    2. may not remove any person from the jurisdiction, without providing a reasonable opportunity to request asylum;
    3. may not remove any person from the jurisdiction after a request for asylum has been made, except by order of the federal immigration authority;
    4. must inform all persons likely to request asylum that they have the right to request asylum anywhere within the United States;
    5. may not require any person to request asylum within a specific jurisdiction, if another may be safer or otherwise more suitable for that person;
    6. must render immediate assistance to establish the safety of all persons likely to request asylum who are entering the jurisdiction;
    7. must assume that any person entering the jurisdiction under obvious duress or in suspicious circumstances is likely to request asylum;
    8. may not involuntarily separate groups likely to request asylum, except temporary separations of reasonable durations, for establishing the safety of all persons in that group;
    9. must transmit timely notice of all requests for asylum to the federal immigration authority.
  3. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for reasonable defense of persons likely to seek asylum;
    2. defining procedures for establishing the safety of persons likely to request asylum as quickly as is reasonable;
    3. defining procedures for requesting asylum within the United States, managed by the federal immigration authority, with exceptional adjudications by any Article 3, Section 8 [3|8] court;
    4. requiring the expenditure of public funds to establish the safety of persons likely to request asylum;
    5. requiring the expenditure of public funds to accept, process, and validate requests for asylum;
    6. allowing the expenditure of public funds to effectively and respectfully integrate persons granted asylum into the society of the United States;
    7. allowing the expenditure of public funds to voluntarily transport any person granted asylum to any other sovereign jurisdiction providing equal protection for universal rights;
    8. defining crimes and criminal penalties for preventing requests for asylum, or creating circumstances hostile to requests for asylum.
15. Right to Nationality
  1. The nationality of the United States of America is "American".
  2. American nationality includes
    1. any person who is a national of any sovereign nation or tribe indigenous to the territorial jurisdiction of the United States;
    2. any person naturalized to American nationality by a fair process, as defined in law;
    3. any person
      1. who lacks any prior nationality,
      2. who voluntarily establishes domicile anywhere within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States;
    4. any person who held American nationality at the conclusion of their childhood;
    5. any child with jus soli birthright nationality—any child
      1. who began independent existence within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States,
      2. excepting any child with exclusively non-American parents and guardians, any of whom were present
        
        for diplomatic purposes,
        
        or to engage in warfare or hostile occupation against the United States,
      3. unless that exception would leave the child without any nationality;
    6. any child with jus sanguinis birthright nationality—any child
      1. with one or more American parents or guardians,
      2. without outstanding objections by a clear majority of all their parents and guardians,
      3. unless honoring those objections would leave the child without any nationality;
    7. any dependent who held American nationality as a person or child;
    8. any permanent dependent, unlikely to regain legal competency, with one or more American guardians;
  3. American nationality may be held in combination with any number of other nationalities.
  4. American nationality may be revoked only
    1. after an overt, voluntary act of renunciation, by the American person,
    2. through a fair and equitable process, defined by law,
    3. when the revocation would not leave the person without any nationality.
  5. All American nationals are citizens
    1. of the federal United States of America;
    2. of any state with territorial jurisdiction over the location of their domicile;
    3. of all other entities with territorial jurisdiction over the location of their domicile;
    4. and of all other entities with personal jurisdiction.
  6. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not deny or limit the universal rights of any person solely on the basis of their nationality;
    2. may not discriminate in the administration of immigration and naturalization by irrelevant criteria;
    3. may distribute public resources in a manner that benefits Americans to a greater extent than non-Americans.
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. requiring that public vital records be made, and perpetually maintained, of
      1. births or other originations of new children,
      2. children becoming adult persons,
      3. declarations of change of domicile to, from, or within its territory;
    2. requiring the expenditure of public funds as may be necessary to administer vital records.
  8. The Federation will establish laws
    1. requiring that public vital records be made, and perpetually maintained, of
      1. reports by the sovereign nations and tribes regarding grants or revocations of their own nationalities,
      2. naturalizations to American nationality,
      3. changes in the diplomatic status of foreign nationals,
      4. reports of births or other originations of new children, occuring outside the United States, with an American parent or guardian,
      5. objections to the assignment of American nationality to a child,
      6. entries into the United States by persons with no nationality,
      7. renunciations of American nationality;
    2. defining a fair process of naturalization;
    3. defining a fair process of renunciation;
    4. defining crimes and criminal penalties for destroying or effacing vital records;
    5. defining crimes and criminal penalties for creating false vital records;
    6. defining crimes and criminal penalties for altering vital records fraudulently;
    7. allowing the transfer of public funds to the sovereign nations and tribes as may be necessary for the administration of their vital records;
    8. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer vital records and any other records supporting proof of nationality.
16. Right to Marriage, Right to Procreation
  1. Each person has the right to enter into a family partnership by marriage.
  2. Each person has the right to dissociate from a family partnership by divorce.
  3. Each person in a family partnership has equal rights, unless explicitly defined otherwise by its articles of creation.
  4. Each person has the right to procreate, within a family partnership, or by contract with other persons.
  5. Each person has the right to become a parent of a child by adoption, if it would benefit that child.
  6. Each person has the right to become a guardian of a dependent by petition, if it would benefit that dependent.
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish courts
    1. competent to solemnize or recognize marriages;
    2. competent to adjudicate divorces;
    3. competent to hear all other civil actions regarding family partnerships, procreation, adoption, or guardianship petitions;
    4. competent to try the facts relevant to those actions;
    5. impartial to the interests of the involved persons;
    6. empowered to provide equitable outcomes to all involved persons, and their children and dependents;
    7. empowered to create or amend vital records;
    8. with jurisdiction limited by territory, and the locations of the domiciles of the involved persons;
    9. in which one or more professional judges preside;
    10. in which a petit jury may be empaneled;
    11. and subordinate to the highest court in its jurisdiction;
    12. with appellate authority also granted to other courts, as may be required by the orderly administration of justice.
  8. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not deny or limit the universal rights of any person on the basis of family associations or marital status;
    2. may not recognize, solemnize, or record any marriage unless all participating persons have demonstrated informed consent to it;
    3. may not discriminate in the administration of family partnerships, procreation, adoption, or guardianships by irrelevant criteria.
  9. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. requiring that public vital records be made, and perpetually maintained, of
      1. creation of family partnerships and their associated group identities,
      2. marriages into family partnerships,
      3. divorces out of family partnerships,
      4. dissolution of family partnerships,
      5. adoptions of children by individual persons or by family partnerships;
      6. guardianships of dependents by individual persons or by family partnerships;
    2. defining procedures for the creation of a family partnership;
    3. defining procedures for the modification of a family partnership;
    4. defining procedures for the dissolution of a family partnership;
    5. defining civil actions for the equitable resolution of disputes regarding family partnerships;
    6. requiring the expenditure of public funds as necessary to administer family partnership group identities under [3|6:4.4.3];
    7. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer family courts, and execute their judgments;
    8. allowing the expenditure of public funds to supply timely and equitable assistance to persons, children, or dependents suffering acute harm from dysfunctional family relationships, whenever it is otherwise beyond the power of the courts to ameliorate that harm.
17. Right to Property
  1. Each person has the right to own property,
    1. individually,
    2. or in association with other persons.
  2. Each person has the right to not be arbitrarily deprived of their property, or the benefits of it, except
    1. by exchanging it for property of greater value,
      1. using a fair process, defined in law,
      2. when the property is required for a use benefiting the whole public;
    2. as restitution for injury or damages caused by criminal acts;
    3. or as part of a fair and equitable resolution of a civil dispute.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not arbitrarily interfere with any person's enjoyment of their property;
    2. may not permanently seize property, or exclude its owner from beneficial use of it, unless
      1. its owners have been convicted of crimes, and the property to be seized
        
        either represents a material gain from those crimes,
        
        or was instrumental to the commission of those crimes,
        
        and is included in an order for criminal forfeiture by the court;
      2. or the property is expropriated by eminent domain,
        
        is clearly required to accomplish a reasonable purpose, with obvious public benefit,
        
        and the owner is fairly compensated, with property valued at twenty-one twentieths (1.05 fraction) or more of the value of the expropriated property.
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. requiring that public records be made, and perpetually maintained, of
      1. land surveys and plat maps,
      2. conveyances of land or partial interests in land,
      3. conveyances of property exceeding a value threshold or mass threshold, defined in law,
      4. voluntary reports of conveyances of property bearing unique identifiers,
      5. covenants, encumbrances, and liens on registered property,
      6. criminal forfeitures,
      7. and expropriations by eminent domain;
    2. defining criteria for the reasonable defense of property;
    3. establishing fair procedures for expropriating property by eminent domain;
    4. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for takings of property;
    5. defining crimes and criminal penalties for destroying or effacing property records;
    6. defining crimes and criminal penalties for creating false property records;
    7. defining crimes and criminal penalties for altering property records fraudulently;
    8. defining civil actions for disputes between owners over jointly-owned property;
    9. defining a minimum value threshold for registered valuable property;
    10. defining a minimum mass threshold for registered massive property;
    11. requiring the expenditure of public funds as may be necessary to administer property records;
18. Right to Free Thought
  1. Each person has the right to think any thought.
  2. Each person has the right to believe or disbelieve any concept, including those which may be provably false.
  3. Each person has the right to adhere to any personal religious tenet, if it is not hostile to universal rights.
  4. Each person has the right to practice any formalized or codified religion,
    1. to join any any orthodox, unorthodox, or schismatic sect of it,
    2. and to apostasize from any previously practiced religion.
  5. Each person has the right to practice unorganized or informal religion.
  6. Each person has the right to practice no religion at all.
  7. Each person has the right to keep confidential their own thoughts and private practices.
  8. Each person has the right to judge by any code of moral principles, if it is not hostile to universal rights.
  9. Each person has the right to follow any code of ethical conduct, if it is not hostile to universal rights.
  10. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not establish any religion;
    2. may not interfere with the free exercise of any religion;
    3. may not extend privilege or favor to any religion;
    4. may not endorse any religion, or generate the appearance of endorsement;
    5. may not exclusively allocate public resources to any religion;
    6. may not assert jurisdiction over purely religious matters;
    7. may not answer questions of religion, whenever judging a non-religious matter that is entangled with religion;
    8. may not require a religious or ideological test, aside from respect for universal rights, to hold any office, or to execute any government function;
    9. must make reasonable accommodations for religious practices;
  11. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining civil actions for disentangling religion from a government function;
    2. defining civil actions for demanding accomodation for a religious practice;
    3. allowing the expenditure of public funds as necessary to administer religious group identities under [3|6:4.4.3];
19. Right to Free Expression
  1. Each person has the right to have opinions, and express them freely.
  2. Each person has the right to gather facts, and disseminate them to others.
  3. Each person has the right to create works of art.
  4. Each person has the right to enjoy equal access to public communications resources,
    1. without regard to the content of their communications,
    2. without arbitrary or capricious interference.
  5. Each person has the right to celebrate any cultural custom, regardless of connection to the culture of origin.
  6. Each person has the right to communicate anonymously or pseudonymously.
  7. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not restrict any person from communicating their opinions, by any means at their disposal;
    2. may not restrict any person from gathering facts in public, or witnessing and recording public happenings;
    3. may not restrict any person from observing and recording officers and agents performing government functions in public;
    4. may not restrict any person from publishing statements that are factual, according to the preponderance of all available evidence;
    5. may not restrict any person from exhibiting their works of art to patrons and interested audiences;
    6. may not allocate public communications resources to any person or group that
      1. interferes with the communication of facts,
      2. generates confusion between fact and non-fact,
      3. generates confusion between fact and opinion,
      4. generates confusion between fact and art,
      5. or censors communications to any person who has not explicitly requested moderation of their received content;
    7. may not assert jurisdiction over purely artistic matters;
    8. may not answer questions of artistic merit, whenever judging a non-artistic matter that is entangled with art;
    9. may not penetrate or seek to penetrate a veil of anonymity or pseudonymity, except by the order of a court;
    10. may establish identities usable by any person, for the purpose of anonymous communication or publication;
    11. may establish confidential identities, for the purpose of pseudonymous communication or publication;
    12. may temporarily allocate public spaces to cultural exhibitions for the benefit of the whole public.
  8. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining crimes, criminal penalities, and civil actions against obstruction of journalism in the public interest;
    2. defining civil actions against material interference with the creation of new artworks or exhibitions of existing art;
    3. defining civil actions against disinformation or censorship on public communications resources;
    4. establishing schemas for the fair and equitable allocation of limited public communications resources;
    5. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer those schemas;
    6. recognizing and recording the cultural customs of all Americans, distinct subcultures of Americans, and the sovereign nations and tribes;
    7. allowing the transfer of public funds to the sovereign nations and tribes for preservation of culture and exhibition of art.
20. Right to Free Association
  1. Each person has the right to associate with other persons.
  2. Each person has the right to gather and assemble for any peaceful purpose.
  3. Each person has the right to be present in public spaces
  4. Each person has the right to use or enjoy public resources, in any manner that does not exclude other persons.
  5. Each person has the right to form temporary or permanent societies,
    1. with clear criteria for voluntary membership,
    2. based upon behavior, conduct, or intent.
  6. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not interfere with peaceful assemblies;
    2. may not arbitrarily interfere with any person's enjoyment of public spaces or public resources;
    3. may not exclude any person from equitable use of public spaces or public resources;
    4. may not establish any societies, unless membership is open to all persons;
    5. may not extend privilege or favor to any society;
    6. may not exclusively allocate public resources to any society;
    7. may not assert jurisdiction over purely social matters;
    8. may not discriminate solely on the basis of presumed social associations in the execution of any law;
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. establishing clear criteria defining non-peaceful purposes, with respect to public assembly;
    2. establishing reasonable and equitable limits upon the use of public spaces;
    3. establishing equitable procedures for the allocation of limited public resources;
    4. establishing procedures for the creation of temporary or permanent societies;
    5. defining civil actions for demanding accomodation for public assembly;
    6. defining civil actions against disruption of a peaceful public assembly;
    7. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions against converting a peaceful assembly to non-peaceful purpose.
    8. allowing the expenditure of public funds as necessary to administer society group identities under [3|6:4.4.3];
21. Right to Public Participation
  1. Each person has the right to participate in their own governance.
  2. Each person has the right to contribute to the public services and infrastructure.
  3. Each person has the right to be governed by the aggregated will of all people, with delegated powers restricted, to preserve universal rights.
  4. Each person has the right to express their will via periodic elections,
    1. by anonymous ballot,
    2. equally convenient to all voters,
    3. with voting and counting freely observable while in progress,
    4. counts auditable after completion, and fully recountable if required,
    5. and unclouded by any practice that may distort the apparent will of the electorate.
  5. Each person has the right to have their will be represented faithfully by their elected officials,
    1. with the purpose of each office defined in law,
    2. and their functions applied equally to all persons.
  6. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must act to ensure that all persons domiciled in the jurisdiction have equitable access to voting in elections;
    2. must act to ensure that elections are not clouded by the appearance of obfuscation, intimidation, or fraud;
    3. must act to ensure that elections are not clouded by the appearance of corruption, clientelism, or patronage;
    4. must act to preserve ballots and election records until reasonable auditing has concluded;
    5. must faithfully represent the interests of all persons domiciled in the jurisdiction;
    6. may not exceed the powers delegated to it by the people.
  7. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for selecting persons suitable to be employed as agents of a public office, for each office;
    2. defining procedures for declaring candidacy for public office, without arbitrary or burdensome restrictions;
    3. defining procedures for registering as many persons qualified to vote in an election as possible, on or before the designated election day;
    4. defining procedures for validating the identity and domicile of a registered voter upon issuing their ballot;
    5. requiring that primary elections be held upon the same day everywhere in the United States;
    6. requiring that general elections be held upon the same day everywhere in the United States;
    7. establishing the primary election day as a civil holiday;
    8. establishing the general election day as a civil holiday;
    9. requiring that in primary elections, voting is by approval, wherein for each ballot question, the voter may mark each choice as either acceptable or not-acceptable;
    10. requiring that in general elections, voting is by ranked choice, wherein for each ballot question, the voter may assign each choice a unique ordinal ranking, with greatest preference to the lowest number;
    11. requiring that in all elections, each ballot question include a choice to deny the question;
    12. requiring that in all elections, each ballot question include a choice to select a response other than the choices already listed on the ballot;
    13. requiring that any partitions of the entity into districts be by deterministic algorithm, considering only hydrologic features, county borders, domicile locations, and population density;
    14. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer public elections.
22. Right to Society
  1. Each person has the right to individual dignity.
  2. Each person has the right to access common culture, and participate in cultural events.
  3. Each person has the right to access educational resources, and develop in skills and knowledge.
  4. Each person has the right to access social interactions.
  5. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not act to undermine any person's individual dignity;
    2. may not ridicule or publicly humiliate any person;
    3. may not prevent or impede any person from participating in cultural events;
    4. may not prevent or impede any person from pursuing education or training;
    5. may not prevent or impede any person from interacting socially with other persons.
  6. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for the reasonable defense of individual dignity;
    2. defining civil actions to provide redress for attacks against individual dignity by a government officer or agent;
    3. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for denying a person access to cultural enrichment;
    4. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for denying a person access to education;
    5. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for denying a person access to social interaction;
    6. allowing the expenditure of public funds to provide social enrichment to any persons otherwise unable to enjoy the benefits of society.
23. Right to Work; Right to Gainful Business
  1. Each person has the right to work: to provide for oneself, to freely trade one's labor, or to be a contracted employee for any employer.
  2. Each person has the right to freely trade one's property.
  3. Each person has the right to develop and harvest resources on land property, without harm to other persons or property, and without permanent ecosystem damage.
  4. Each person has the right to create, trade, and utilize economic capital.
  5. Each person has the right to transport trade goods via public transportation infrastructure.
  6. Each person has the right to operate a business publicly, equally open to all customers, without prior contract.
  7. Each person has the right to operate a business privately, only to customers bound by contract.
  8. Each person has the right to create and join contracts.
  9. Each person has the right to organize with other laborers via collective action.
  10. Each person has the right to organize a discrete labor or trade union entity, distinct from its creators, for the mutual benefit of all laborers sharing a skill, trade, profession, or employer.
  11. Each person has the right to organize a discrete business entity, distinct from its creators, in pursuit of any lawful purpose in trade or commerce.
  12. Each person has the right to enjoy a clean, safe, respectful working environment.
  13. Each person has the right to receive fair and adequate remuneration for labor.
  14. Each person has the right to choose freely between multiple competitors in the marketplace.
  15. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish courts
    1. competent to hear all civil actions regarding labor, trade, unions, business, commerce, and other vital economic activities;
    2. competent to adjudicate regulatory and administrative requirements imposed upon trade and commerce;
    3. competent to try the facts relevant to those actions;
    4. impartial to the interests of the involved persons;
    5. empowered to provide equitable outcomes to all involved persons, and other persons engaged in substantially similar business;
    6. obligated to refer any criminal accusations arising in its domain of expertise, and criminal evidence uncovered in its proceedings, to the [3|10:6] criminal courts;
    7. with jurisdiction limited by territory, and the locations of the domiciles of the involved persons and the operating premises of involved businesses;
    8. in which one or more professional judges preside;
    9. in which a petit jury may be empaneled;
    10. and subordinate to the highest court in its jurisdiction;
    11. with appellate authority also granted to other courts, as may be required by the orderly administration of justice.
  16. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must directly employ sufficient agents to perform all essential government functions, whenever the efforts of the elected officers alone are not sufficient;
    2. must remunerate all government agents, that spend 15% or more of their time laboring for government, with resources sufficient to exist with dignity;
    3. may not tax any person, until that person already has resources sufficient to exist with dignity;
    4. may not tax or impede any trade transactions that include neither money nor fungible commodities;
    5. may not tax or impede gifts or charity;
  17. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining civil actions for interference with contracts or trade relationships;
    2. defining civil actions for interference with land property development;
    3. defining civil actions for resolution of negative externality or ecosystem damage resulting from land property development;
    4. defining civil actions for interference with the development of economic capital;
    5. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for conversion, damage, or other impairments to the use of tools essential to the livelihood of a person;
    6. defining civil actions for impeding the transport of trade goods;
    7. defining crimes, criminal penalities, and civil actions for discriminating by irrelevant criteria in the operation of a business open to the public;
    8. defining civil actions for the enforcement of contracts and equitable compensation for breaches of contract;
    9. defining civil actions for equitably repairing contracts that are flawed or defective with respect to the rights of joined parties;
    10. defining crimes, criminal penalities, and civil actions for interfering with the organization of collective labor actions;
    11. defining crimes, criminal penalities, and civil actions for retaliation against laborers participating in a collective labor action;
    12. defining procedures for the creation of labor or trade unions;
    13. defining procedures for the creation of discrete business entities;
    14. defining crimes, criminal penalities, and civil actions for creating an unsanitary, dangerous, or hostile work environment;
    15. defining civil actions for unfair remuneration in employment or contracted labor;
    16. prohibiting the deliberate creation of monopoly or monopsony in any market, unless it is to be operated by officers of government as a utility, solely for public benefit;
    17. defining civil actions for re-establishment of fair competition in any market where meaningful trade choices do not exist;
    18. requiring the expenditure of public funds to underwrite insurance for all employed laborers, to replace lost income during intervals of involuntary unemployment;
    19. requiring the expenditure of public funds to operate a matching service for persons seeking employment and businesses seeking laborers;
    20. requiring the expenditure of public funds as necessary to administer trade union group identities under [3|6:4.4.3];
    21. requiring the expenditure of public funds as necessary to administer business entity group identities under [3|6:4.4.3];
    22. allowing the expenditure of public funds as necessary to support persons whose capacity to work is diminished;
24. Right to Leisure
  1. Each person has the right to rest, relax, and take leisure.
  2. Each person has the right to seek amusements.
  3. Each person has the right to reasonable rest breaks within a day (8.64×10⁴ s).
  4. Each person has the right to reasonable rest days within a week (6.05×10⁵ s).
  5. Each person has the right to reasonable vacation days and medical leave days within a year (3.16×10⁷ s).
  6. Each person has the right to enjoy additional scheduled cultural, religious, civil, and business holidays within a year (3.16×10⁷ s).
  7. Each person has the right to rest without experiencing any form of penalty, retaliation, or retribution.
  8. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not expect that government officers should spend more than 27% (0.27 fraction) of their time laboring for duties of their office;
    2. may not expect that government agents should spend more than 22% (0.22 fraction) of their time laboring for duties delegated by their officer;
    3. must honor weekly rest days and scheduled holidays by minimizing the labor requirements of officers and their agents on those days;
    4. must enforce rest interval requirements on employers operating within their jurisdiction.
  9. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining frequency and duration of rest breaks within the work day for government officers and their agents;
    2. defining the rest days of the regular work week for government officers and their agents;
    3. defining the annual schedule for civil holidays, to include:
      1. Independence Day, on the 185th day of every regular year by the Gregorian calendar, and the 186th day of every leap year;
      2. Primary Election Day, a day scheduled by election laws in every election year;
      3. General Election Day, a day scheduled by election laws in every election year;
      4. 8 or more other holidays in every election year, and 10 or more other holidays in every non-election year.
    4. defining annual schedules for religious and secular holidays, to include 4 or more holidays per year
      1. with the schedule for each religion assigning that number of holidays to the most significant annual observances of that religion;
      2. and one or more secular schedules defined, assigning that number of holidays, for use by persons having no religion, or choosing to not declare their religion;
      3. and any person may select any religious or secular holiday schedule, regardless of their religion, or lack thereof;
      4. changing their selection of schedule only at the start of a new calendar year;
    5. defining annual schedules for non-religious cultural holidays, to include 3 or more holidays per year
      1. with the schedule for each American sub-culture assigning that number of holidays to the most significant annual observances of that sub-culture;
      2. and one or more national culture schedules defined, assigning that number of holidays, for use by persons having no specific sub-culture, or choosing to not declare their favored sub-culture;
      3. and any person may select any cultural holiday schedule, regardless of their favored sub-culture, or lack thereof;
      4. changing their selection of schedule only at the start of a new calendar year;
    6. defining the deterministic algorithm by which holidays are rescheduled if they fall upon a person's regular rest day, or a holiday from a different schedule;
    7. awarding an appropriate number of paid vacation days and paid medical leave days to each officer and agent per calendar year;
    8. establishing minimum government staffing requirements during rest days and holidays, for performing time-critical tasks, and to maintain essential functions;
    9. awarding compensatory vacation days to persons required to work on their regularly scheduled rest days or holidays;
    10. requiring the expenditure of public funds to provide for a common defense against employer infringements upon their employees' rest intervals.
  10. Each state of the United States will establish laws
    1. establishing reasonable requirements on all employers
      1. defining the maximum duration of a regular work day, and the additional pay for hours worked in excess of the daily maximum;
      2. defining the minimum frequency and duration of rest breaks and meal breaks within a work day, and the additional pay for all hours worked during work days with insufficient breaks;
      3. defining the maximum number of working hours within a regular work week, and the additional pay for hours worked in excess of the weekly maximum;
      4. defining the minimum number of fixed rest days within a regular work week, and the additional pay for all hours worked on those rest days;
      5. defining the minimum number of paid holidays during a calendar year, and the additional pay for hours worked on those holidays;
      6. defining the minimum number of paid vacation days during a calendar year;
      7. defining the minimum number of paid medical leave days during a calendar year;
    2. defining fair compensation to workers denied a regular rest interval due to regular time-critical operations or emergencies;
    3. defining penalties to employers that fail to meet rest interval requirements, to be forfeited to the employee suffering from the violation;
    4. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions against rest interval, vacation, and holiday violations by employers against their employees;
25. Right to Benefit from Civilization
  1. Each person has the right to enjoy a minimum standard of living.
  2. Each person has the right to consume sufficient potable water.
  3. Each person has the right to consume sufficient nutritious foods.
  4. Each person has the right to access adequate sanitation.
  5. Each person has the right to wear adequate clothing.
  6. Each person has the right to establish domicile in adequate shelter.
  7. Each person has the right to employ powered assistive devices.
  8. Each person has the right to consume adequate medical care.
  9. Each person has the right to access social interaction with peers.
  10. Each person has the right to receive reasonable assistance for their children and dependents.
  11. Each person has the right to receive reasonable accomodation for traits and abilities that deviate from their species averages.
  12. Each person has the right to receive reasonable assistance in establishing an independent, self-managed lifestyle.
  13. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must expend maximum possible effort to ensure every person, child, and dependent is able to acquire resources adequate for their survival;
    2. must expend reasonable efforts to ensure every person, child, and dependent is able to acquire resources adequate for their individual dignity;
    3. may expend additional efforts to improve the standard of living for every person, child, and dependent.
    4. must expend maximum possible effort to ensure that all children and dependents enjoy adequate social support and competent guardianship.
  14. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining the minimum standard of living;
    2. establishing quantities of goods and services representing adequate resources for survival;
    3. establishing quantities of goods and services representing adequate resources for individual dignity;
    4. establishing quantities of goods and services representing adequate resources to enjoy the minimum standard of living;
    5. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate water utilities and water distribution infrastructure;
    6. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate agriculture, food distribution infrastructure, and food assistance programs;
    7. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate sewer utilites, and sanitation infrastructure;
    8. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate manufactories for textiles and garments, clothing distribution infrastructure, and clothing assistance programs;
    9. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate manufactories for construction materials and tools, residential buildings, and housing assistance programs;
    10. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate power utilities and power distribution infrastructure;
    11. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate manufactories for pharmaceuticals and medical consumables, hospitals, clinics, and medical assistance programs;
    12. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate venues for public gathering, communications utilities, and information distribution infrastructure;
    13. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate child-care centers, dependent-care centers, and caregiver assistance programs;
    14. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate manufactories for prosthetics and assistive devices, outpatient therapy centers, and in-home health care programs;
    15. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate general lifestyle assistance programs;
    16. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate social work agencies to administer and coordinate all public assistance programs;
    17. requiring the expenditure of public funds to recruit, educate, and train specialist workers, sufficient to meet the needs of the public at reasonable cost;
    18. requiring the expenditure of public funds to distribute necessary survival resources to all persons otherwise unable to acquire them;
26. Right to Knowledge, Right to Education
  1. Each person and child has the right to education—
    1. to communicate effectively with others;
    2. to achieve literacy;
    3. to develop mathematical ability;
    4. to understand, respect, and defend universal rights;
    5. to participate in the development of just and equitable public policy and laws;
    6. to propagate cooperative civilization.
  2. Each person has the right to access educational resources to further develop their mind as they see fit.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not discourage or impede the educational development of any person;
    2. may not attempt to influence public education institutions to further any political or religious purpose;
    3. may not grant an education credential to any person not satisfying the requirements defined for it;
    4. may not alter the requirements for any education credential already granted, such that the value of the credential would be diminished;
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. requiring that public education records be made, and perpetually maintained, of
      1. courses of education, completed satisfactorily in public schools;
      2. grants of graduation credentials by public primary schools and secondary schools;
      3. grants of certification credentials by public trade schools or academic degree credentials by public colleges and universities;
      4. grants of credentials by other public educational institutions;
      5. mandatory reports by non-public entities of courses of primary and secondary education, completed satisfactorily by children;
      6. voluntary reports by non-public entities of other courses of education, completed satisfactorily;
      7. mandatory reports by non-public entities of grants of primary school and secondary school graduation credentials;
      8. voluntary reports by non-public entities of grants of other education credentials;
    2. requiring that education records for satisfactorily completed courses be accessible only to agents of educational institutions and the student who completed the course;
    3. requiring that education records for education credentials be openly accessible to all persons;
    4. defining criteria for the reasonable defense of knowledge and education;
    5. defining crimes and criminal penalties for destroying or effacing education records;
    6. defining crimes and criminal penalties for creating false education records;
    7. defining crimes and criminal penalties for altering education records fraudulently;
    8. defining civil actions for the validation or correction of education records;
    9. defining civil actions for the equitable reduction of tuition and other charges to students of public education institutions;
    10. requiring that all children be educated to minimum standards for primary and secondary education;
    11. requiring that public primary and secondary schools charge no tuition or other fees, operating entirely from public funds;
    12. requiring that public tertiary schools and informal education institutions be equally accessible to all persons and children who satisfy the education prerequisites;
    13. requiring that public tertiary schools and informal education institutions charge only reasonable and equitable tuition;
    14. requiring that public tertiary schools and informal education institutions make reasonable efforts to minimize mandatory non-tuition fees and other charges to students;
    15. requiring the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate public primary schools and secondary schools;
    16. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate public trade schools, colleges, universities, and other tertiary schools;
    17. requiring the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate public libraries;
    18. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and operate public training centers, apprenticeship programs, and other informal educational institutions;
    19. allowing the expenditure of public funds to create and distribute educational materials, instructional manuals, and documentary recordings.
    20. requiring the expenditure of public funds to administer education records and any other records supporting proof of knowledge or competence.
27. Right to Culture
  1. Each person has the right to participate in culture.
  2. Each person has the right to experience art.
  3. Each person has the right to share in the advancement of science and technology.
  4. Each person has the right, for their acts of creation, invention, and discovery,
    1. to enjoy fair remuneration;
    2. and to enjoy accurate attribution.
  5. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not suppress or regulate cultural events, except to the minimum extent necessary to establish public safety;
    2. may not destroy or suppress art, or arbitrarily prevent exhibitions or performances of art;
    3. may not destroy or suppress advances in science and technology, or arbitrarily prevent useful applications of science and technology;
    4. may enforce foreign copyrights or patents within the duration allowed by law in the United States, when required by treaty;
    5. may not enforce foreign copyrights or patents beyond the duration allowed by law in the United States, except when required by treaty, upon export of an enforceable article from the United States;
  6. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and maintain institutions for cultural preservation and education;
    2. requiring the expenditure of public funds to establish and maintain institutions for the preservation of the cultures and languages of indigenous nations and tribes;
    3. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and maintain museums for protection and exhibition of art;
    4. requiring the expenditure of public funds to establish and maintain archives for restoration and preservation of art;
    5. allowing the expenditure of public funds to establish and maintain publication and broadcast facilities for public distribution of artworks suitable to the media;
    6. requiring the expenditure of public funds to publish and archive advances in science and technology;
    7. allowing the expenditure of public funds to distribute reasonable artistic patronage to the creators of artworks;
    8. allowing the expenditure of public funds to distribute reasonable scientific patronage to the researchers of scientific discoveries;
    9. allowing the expenditure of public funds to award periodic and ad hoc prizes to artists, artistic collaborations, and artworks generating exceptional cultural value;
    10. allowing the expenditure of public funds to award periodic and ad hoc prizes to scientists, scientific collaborations, and publications generating exceptional scientific value.
  7. The Federation will establish laws
    1. securing to creators—for at most 40 years (1.26×10⁹ s)—exclusive copyrights for their works of art;
    2. securing to inventors—for at most 20 years (6.31×10⁸ s)—exclusive patents on their inventions;
    3. requiring that copyrighted or patented cultural works permanently pass into the public domain when their protection ends;
    4. defining criteria for the reasonable defense of culture and the public domain;
    5. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for fraudulent misattribution of authorship in cultural works;
    6. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for infringement of copyright;
    7. defining crimes, criminal penalties, and civil actions for infringement of patent;
    8. requiring the expenditure of public funds to preserve and protect the cultures of the sovereign nations and tribes indigenous to the United States;
    9. requiring the expenditure of public funds to maintain a registry of patents and copyrights.
    10. allowing the expenditure of public funds to support the cultural missions of the United Nations, or of a suitable successor entity;
    11. allowing the expenditure of public funds to support the scientific missions of the United Nations, or of a suitable successor entity;
    12. allowing the expenditure of public funds to support other entities that promote art, science, or cultural development.
28. Duty to Empower
  1. Each person has a duty to make reasonable efforts to empower other persons to freely exercise their universal rights.
  2. The Federation will establish laws
    1. allowing the expenditure of public funds to support the cooperative and constructive missions of the United Nations, or of a suitable successor entity;
    2. allowing the expenditure of public funds to support other entities that promote free exercise of universal rights.
    3. defining rules for warfare or lesser reprisals against entities that suppress free exercise of universal rights.
  3. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for reasonable efforts toward the empowerment of suppressed persons;
29. Duty to Civilize
  1. Each person has a duty to voluntarily curtail exercise of their own rights whenever unrestrained exercise would, with certainty,
    1. cause harm to other persons;
    2. disproportionately limit or diminish exercise of universal rights by other persons;
    3. damage the beneficial workings of cooperative civilization;
    4. or diminish the moral foundations of universal rights.
  2. Each person has a duty to make reasonable efforts to develop children into free persons, so that they may perpetuate cooperative civilization.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must exercise restraint in the use of government power whenever excesses may result in unintended harm;
    2. must act to educate and inform the populace about universal rights, by any effective pedagogy.
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for the reasonable defense of cooperative civilization;
    2. defining civil actions for equitable resolution whenever the exercise of rights conflict between persons;
    3. defining civil actions for equitable compensation whenever a government action has curtailed the exercise of a person's rights;
    4. allowing the expenditure of public funds to educate and inform about universal rights.
30. Duty to Defend
  1. Each person has a duty to defend the universal rights of all persons.
  2. No universal right includes protection for acts intended to diminish or destroy any universal right.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must act to preserve and defend universal rights against all serious and credible threats;
    2. may not provide aid or comfort to entities that do not respect and defend universal rights.
  4. The Federation will establish laws
    1. allowing the expenditure of public funds to support the security missions of the United Nations, or of a suitable successor entity;
    2. allowing the expenditure of public funds to support other entities that defend universal rights;
    3. defining rules for warfare or lesser reprisals against entities that attack or deny universal rights.
  5. The Federation, and each state of the United States, will establish laws
    1. defining criteria for the reasonable defense of universal rights;
    2. requiring the expenditure of public funds for the common defense of universal rights;
Bill of Rights for All Children
1. Definitions
  1. Individual humans (Homo sapiens) have the presumptive capacity to develop into persons,
    1. originating as a fetus,
    2. becoming a child after live birth,
    3. with their parents including
      1. their mother,
      2. and any other adult persons in family partnership with their mother,
      3. unless otherwise specified by reproductive contract;
    4. becoming a person or dependent by 18 years (5.68×10⁸ s) of age.
  2. No other species have yet demonstrated the presumptive capacity for personhood.
  3. Any other species discovered to be persons may define species-specific criteria regarding childhood by amendments to this section.
2. Children's Rights
  1. Each child has rights, which cannot be limited or denied by just law—
    1. not by this Constitution,
    2. nor by treaty between sovereign powers,
    3. nor by any other law,
    4. nor by any act of government.
  2. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. may not limit or deny any child's rights, except by the limited methods defined in this Constitution;
    2. may not levy any fee, duty, excise, or other tax upon any child, except when explicitly allowed by this Constitution;
    3. may not discriminate by irrelevant criteria in the treatment of children.
3. Right to Protection
  1. Each child has the right to be protected and defended by its parents or guardians.
  2. Each child has the right to be protected and defended by civilized and altruistic persons.
  3. Each child has the right to be protected and defended by governments and other civilized institutions.
  4. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must prioritize the presumed future personhood of a child in all actions that may affect that child;
    2. must provide parents or guardians of a child with reasonable accomodations, such that all their children may receive adequate care and support;
    3. must provide children without parents, or having parents proven to be neglectful of the child, with adequate guardianship, upon the order of a [3|16:7] family court.
4. Right to Child-Aware Governance
  1. All children collectively have the right to appropriate consideration in the functions of governance.
  2. The Federation may enter into international treaties for the purpose of establishing a common defense for children's rights.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must consider the impact upon children's welfare in official acts;
    2. must give equal priority to the welfare of children and the welfare of adult persons;
    3. must provide an adequate common defense for children's rights.
5. Right to Parental Prerogative
  1. Each child has the right to experience an upbringing that is made unique by the qualities of their parents or guardians.
  2. Each child has the right to be initiated into the cultures of their parents or guardians.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must yield to the judgement of a child's parents or guardians on all matters concerning that child's welfare, that are not explicitly defined in law.
    2. must adjudicate all disputes over such matters in a [3|16:7] family court.
6. Right to Existence
  1. Each child has same right to existence as adult persons, defined in [3|3].
  2. Each child has the right to pursue elevation to adult personhood.
  3. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must interpret [3|3:5] and [3|3:6] such that children are equivalent to adult persons.
7. Right to Identity; Right to Nationality
  1. Each child has same right to identity as adult persons, as defined in [3|6:1].
  2. Each child meeting the criteria in [3|15:2] has American nationality.
  3. Each child has the right to recognition of their familial relationships, to be included in the vital records of [3|15:7.1.1] and [3|16:9.1.5].
  4. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must execute the laws implementing [3|6:4.4.1] and [3|15:7.1.1] upon the origination of each new child.
8. Right to Stability of Identity
  1. Each child has the right to be protected from arbitrary or capricious changes to their identity and nationality.
  2. The Federation, each state of the United States, every other entity established by public law, and their officers and agents,
    1. must implement [3|6:4.5.1] such that altering a child's public identity requires the order of a [3|16:7] family court.
    2. must implement [3|15:8.2] such that a child may gain American nationality on the order of a [3|16:7] family court.
    3. must implement [3|15:8.3] such that a child cannot renounce American nationality without the order of a [3|16:7] family court.
9. Right to Parental Presence
  1. [work in progress]
10. Right to Family Reunion
  1. [work in progress]
11. Duty to Combat Child Trafficking
  1. [work in progress]
12. Right to Self-Determination
  1. [work in progress]
13. Right to Free Expression
  1. [work in progress]
14. Right to Free Thought
  1. [work in progress]
15. Right to Free Association
  1. [work in progress]
16. Right to Privacy, Anti-Defamation
  1. [work in progress]
17. Right to Information
  1. [work in progress]
18. Right to Adequate Parenting
  1. [work in progress]
19. Right to Protection
  1. [work in progress]
20. Right to Support Outside the Natural Family
  1. [work in progress]
21. Right to Beneficial Adoption
  1. [work in progress]
22. Right to Refuge
  1. [work in progress]
23. Right to Disability Assistance
  1. [work in progress]
24. Right to Health Care
  1. [work in progress]
25. Right to Health Assessments
  1. [work in progress]
26. Right to Social Welfare Assistance
  1. [work in progress]
27. Right to Adequate Living Standard
  1. [work in progress]
28. Right to Accessible Education
  1. [work in progress]
29. Right to Beneficial Education
  1. [work in progress]
30. Right to Ancestral Culture
  1. [work in progress]
31. Right to Rest and Leisure; Right to Play
  1. [work in progress]
32. Defense Against Child Labor
  1. [work in progress]
33. Defense Against Non-Medical Drugs
  1. [work in progress]
34. Defense Against Sexual Abuse
  1. [work in progress]
35. Defense Against Child Abduction
  1. [work in progress]
36. Defense Against Child Exploitation
  1. [work in progress]
37. Restriction on Child Punishment
  1. [work in progress]
38. Abolition of Child Conscription
  1. [work in progress]
39. Restoration of Abused Children
  1. [work in progress]
40. Crimes Committed by Children
  1. [work in progress]
41. Non-Interference with Stronger Rights
  1. [work in progress]
42. Duty to Empower
  1. [work in progress]
Bill of Rights for All American Persons
1. Right to Defense
  1. Each American national has the right, within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, to establish and maintain defenses against threats to universal rights,
    1. real or imagined;
    2. for oneself, or for any other person, or group of persons;
    3. regardless of the likely effectiveness of the defense;
    4. employing any property or method that may be relevant to
      1. individual defense,
      2. family defense,
      3. group defense,
      4. posse civitatis,
      5. posse comitatus,
      6. militia for the state,
      7. or federal military;
  2. Each American national has the right to contribute meaningfully to the common defense,
    1. in the posse civitatis for their unincorporated community or incorporated municipality;
    2. in the posse comitatus for their county or parish;
    3. and in the militia for their state;
    4. to the extent that their ability allows.
  3. This right shall not extend to any property or method considered by the civilized nations to be immoral in their design and intended mode of operation, including
    1. devices likely to inflict continued suffering, well beyond what is necessary as immediate deterrent;
    2. devices that may apply lethal force without being directed to do so by a person;
    3. devices likely to spread injury and destruction beyond the initial target, without further direction by a person;
    4. devices whose apparent primary purpose is to cause permanent damage to cognitive or sensory organs.
  4. This individual right shall not extend to devices designed for mass destruction, by means of
    1. depletion of any vital component of breathing gas,
    2. damage to drinking water sources, food supplies, medical supplies, or life-supporting equipment,
    3. electromagnetic pulse,
    4. chemical toxin,
    5. biological pathogen,
    6. radioactive material,
    7. uncontrolled nuclear reaction,
    8. energetic device yielding more than 4×10⁹ J/kg when activated,
    9. or any combination thereof.
  5. The Federation may keep and maintain devices of mass destruction, provided that
    1. the quantity and approximate destructive potential of such devices are published regularly, and shared openly with all other nations;
    2. such weapons are kept and maintained according to international norms, and in compliance with international arms control agreements;
    3. every officer and agent who may be entrusted with such devices be adequately trained in the ethics and morality of their use;
    4. such devices be maintained fastidiously, and kept in good operating condition, with the best possible physical security;
    5. military doctrine shall state that such devices are to be used only when all other viable options for achieving the objective have been exhausted;
    6. deployment of such methods may only occur by unanimous consent of at least three (3) prudent and responsible persons, including at least one (1) non-military official or agent;
    7. in the case of weaponry energized by uncontrolled nuclear reaction, the consenting non-military official must be the President of the United States;
    8. such devices may not be deployed against targets consisting of 10% (0.1 fraction) or more American nationals—including those protesting or opposing any of the governments of the United States—except to combat threats imperiling the whole of civilization.
  6. The Federation, and each state of the United States,
    1. must maintain an adequate common defense for those domiciled within its territorial jurisdiction;
    2. may supply its officers and agents with property and methods for the purpose of providing that common defense;
    3. may not restrict any property or method in use by its officers or agents, from any other persons domiciled within its territorial jurisdiction;
    4. may not use property or methods considered by civilized nations to be immoral in their design and intended mode of operation;
    5. may not employ other property or methods in any manner likely to produce outcomes shocking to the conscience of a civilized person;
    6. may assess persons wishing to keep defense property, to ensure that their defense goal is consistent with the common defense;
    7. may restrict ownership of defense property from any person representing an ongoing credible threat against the public, and complete responsibility for the defense of that person falls upon the entity imposing the restriction;
    8. may require that persons keeping defense property are trained and proficient in the use of that property;
    9. may require that persons keeping defense property are trained in the ethics and morality of the use of lethal force;
    10. may require that persons keeping defense property beyond the needs of family defense maintain a regulated and orderly armory for their group defense;
    11. may require that persons keeping defense property beyond the needs of group defense open their armory to the sheriff or a delegated deputy for inspections, and at need for posse civitatis defense of the community;
    12. may require that persons keeping defense property beyond the needs of posse civitatis open their armory to the sheriff or a delegated deputy for inspections, and at need for posse comitatus defense of the county or parish;
    13. may require that persons keeping defense property beyond the needs of posse comitatus open their armory to the governor or a delegated agent for inspections, and at need for militia defense of the state;
    14. must provide timely and appropriate compensation whenever any private armory is employed in the common defense.
2. Right to Integrity
  1. Each person has the right to expect honesty and integrity in the administration of public functions.
  2. Each person has the right, within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States, to resist with necessary force any corruption in an institution benefiting from the public trust.
  3. The Federation, and each state of the United States,
    1. may not tolerate corruption within its own offices;
    2. may not provide support to any entity that engages in corrupt practices;
    3. may not keep secret any corrupt practice that may be discovered;
    4. must act upon any reasonable opportunity to lawfully discourage or prevent corruption;
    5. may not make public statements that are intentionally misleading or ambiguous;
    6. must publish corrections to any circulating statements known to be untrue, inaccurate, or imprecise;
  4. The Federation, and each state of the United States, shall establish laws
    1. defining crimes and criminal penalties for corruption of the public trust;
    2. defining crimes and criminal penalties for facilitation of corruption in another entity;
    3. defining crimes and criminal penalties for concealment of corruption;
    4. defining crimes and criminal penalties for dereliction neglecting public integrity;
    5. defining crimes and criminal penalties for official distribution of misinformation;
    6. allowing the expenditure of public funds to counter circulating misinformation;
    7. allowing the expenditure of public funds to publish and distribute reports of corruption, wherever it may occur;
    8. allowing the expenditure of public funds for the common defense against corrupt practices;
    9. defining criteria that justify defense against public corruption.
Legislature
1. Congress
  1. All legislative authority of the Federation shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of
    1. a House of Representatives,
    2. and a Senate.
2. Entities Represented
  1. All states of the United States of America shall have representation in Congress.
  2. No non-state entity shall have greater or superior representation in Congress than that of the states.
  3. These non-state entities of the Federation may also have representation in Congress:
    1. the Federal District of Columbia,
    2. sovereign nations and tribes indigenous to the territorial jurisdiction of the United States of America,
    3. discrete non-state territories of the United States of America, other than the District of Columbia,
    4. all nationals of the United States of America who are domiciled outside of its territorial jurisdiction.
  4. A non-state entity may be granted representation in Congress upon a simple majority (0.5 fraction) vote in each house of Congress.
  5. A non-state entity may be stripped of representation in Congress upon a two-thirds (0.6 fraction) or greater vote in each house of Congress.
  6. A Member or Senator representing a state must be domiciled within the exclusive territorial jurisdiction of that state.
  7. A Member or Senator representing the District of Columbia must be domiciled within the District of Columbia.
  8. A Member or Senator representing another territory must be domiciled within the bounds of that territory.
  9. A Member or Senator representing a sovereign nation or tribe must be a citizen of that nation or tribe, and domiciled on its territory, or within any state adjacent or coincident to that territory.
  10. A Member or Senator representing Americans outside the United States must have spent five or more years domiciled anywhere outside the United States, with current domicile within the District of Columbia.
3. The House of Representatives
  1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of a number of Members equal to ten (10) times the number of states in the Federation, plus the number of represented non-state entities.
  2. General elections for the House of Representatives shall be held on Election Day, in years of the Gregorian calendar that are divisible by two (2).
  3. Each represented non-state entity shall be apportioned one (1) Member.
  4. The apportionment of Members to states shall be primarily by population:
    1. re-apportionment shall occur whenever a census has been conducted, and accurate population counts are tabulated;
    2. the population of the United States of America shall be divided by the number of unapportioned Members, rounded to the nearest integer, to determine the first-Member representation threshold;
    3. each state shall be apportioned one (1) Member;
    4. the population represented by the Member shall be the lesser of the first-Member threshold, or the population of the state;
    5. the represented population shall be subtracted from the whole population, and that number divided by the count of unapportioned Members, rounded to the nearest integer, to determine the additional-Member representation threshold;
    6. the unrepresented population of each state shall be divided by the additional-Member representation threshold, and rounded down to the lesser integer, each state apportioned that number of additional Members;
    7. the unrepresented population of each state shall be decreased by the additional apportioned Members multiplied by the additional-Member threshold;
    8. while unapportioned Members remain, one (1) Member shall be apportioned to the state with the greatest unrepresented population, and its unrepresented population reduced to zero (0).
  5. States with ten (10) or more apportioned Members may elect its members from multiple districts,
    1. but no district may be created that elects fewer than four (4) Members;
    2. the state must ensure all districts have equitable represented population per Member;
    3. and permissible boundaries for voting districts include
      1. the state border,
      2. county or parish borders,
      3. objectively surveyed natural hydrologic features, including river channels and watershed boundaries.
  6. A candidate for Member of the House of Representatives must possess the following qualifications upon Election Day:
    1. the candidate must have had full legal personhood for a mininum of seven years;
    2. the candidate must have continuously been an American national for seven years;
    3. the candidate must meet the domicile requirement for the entity they wish to represent;
  7. Within six weeks of establishment, in a special election, each state shall
    1. follow the same procedure as for a general election, but electing the candidates to serve an initial term lasting until the next general election for House of Representatives.
  8. At all general elections for House of Representatives, each state shall
    1. offer a single ballot question on all candidates for House of Representatives, asking for the candidates to be ranked ordinally;
    2. ensure that the number of candidates on the ballot is greater than twice (2.0 fraction) the number of apportioned Members, and that no single political party may offer more candidates than the number of apportioned Members;
    3. each candidate shall receive a number of votes equal to the number of ballots that ranked them as most qualified;
    4. remove from consideration all candidates elected to the Senate, and transfer their votes to the next-ranked candidate on each ballot;
    5. while the number of candidates exceed apportioned Member offices, the candidate with the least votes shall be disqualified, and their votes transferred to the next-rank candidate on each ballot;
    6. when the number of candidates equal apportioned Member offices, elect all of those candidates to serve as Members, with a regular term of two years.
  9. If any Member office becomes vacant prior to the expiration of its term of service,
    1. the represented entity's chief executive shall appoint any qualified person to the office, with an interim term until the next election;
    2. if the next election is not a general election for House of Representatives, the represented entity shall conduct a special election in that year, and elect the winning candidate to an interim term of one year.
    3. In a special election, the appointed interim Member must appear on the ballot, to be ranked with at least two other candidates, with no single political party offering more than one of those other candidates.
  10. The House of Representatives shall choose its own officers, not necessarily from among its Members, including but not limited to
    1. the Speaker of the House;
    2. the Clerk;
    3. the Sergeant-at-Arms;
    4. the Administrator;
  11. Upon votes in the House of Representatives requiring a simple majority, and the Speaker of the House is not a Member, and the number of votes favoring and opposing are equal, the Speaker may cast a vote to decide the issue.
4. The Senate
  1. The Senate shall be composed of a number of Senators equal to three times the number of states in the Federation, plus the number of represented non-state entities.
  2. General elections for the Senate shall be held on Election Day, in years of the Gregorian calendar that are divisible by 2.
  3. Each state shall be represented by three Senators.
  4. Within six weeks of establishment, in a special election, each state shall
    1. offer a separate ballot question for each candidate for the Senate, asking whether that person is suitable to serve as Senator;
    2. elect the three candidates with the most approval votes to serve as Senators, with an initial term lasting until the next general election for the Senate.
  5. A candidate for Member of the House of Representatives must possess the following qualifications upon Election Day:
    1. the candidate must have had full legal personhood for a mininum of twelve years;
    2. the candidate must have continuously been an American national for nine years;
    3. the candidate must meet the domicile requirement for the entity they wish to represent;
  6. At the first general election for Senate after establishment, each state shall
    1. offer a separate ballot question on each serving Senator, and each additional candidate for the Senate, asking whether that person is suitable to serve as Senator;
    2. sum each person's approval votes over the first general election and the initial special election;
    3. elect the candidate with the most approval votes in total as Senator, with a regular term of six years;
    4. elect the candidate with the second-most approval votes in total as Senator, with an interim term of four years;
    5. elect the candidate with the third-most approval votes in total, shall be elected as Senator with an interim term of two years;
  7. At the second general election for Senate after establishment, each state shall
    1. offer a separate ballot question on each serving Senator, and each additional candidate for the Senate, asking whether that person is suitable to serve as Senator;
    2. sum each person's approval votes over the first and second general elections for Senate, and the initial special election;
    3. elect the candidate with the most approval votes in total, excepting those whose terms of service in the Senate are not expiring, to a regular term of six years.
  8. At all subsequent general elections for Senate, each state shall
    1. offer a separate ballot question on each serving Senator, and each additional candidate for the Senate, asking whether that person is suitable to serve as Senator;
    2. sum each person's approval votes over the three most recent general elections for Senate;
    3. elect the candidate with the most approval votes in total, excepting those whose terms of service in the Senate are not expiring, to a regular term of six years.
  9. If any state's Senate office becomes vacant prior to the expiration of its term of service, the state shall
    1. sum the approval votes for serving Senators, and each prior candidate for Senate, over the three most recent elections for Senate;
    2. remove from consideration any candidate not able to serve as Senator, and those already serving with remaining term of service longer than that of the vacant office;
    3. appoint the person with the most approval votes in total to serve the remainder of the term;
    4. repeating as necessary, until all offices are filled.
  10. Each non-state entity that is represented in the Senate shall be represented by one Senator.
  11. Within six weeks of authorization, in a special election, each represented non-state entity shall
    1. offer a separate ballot question for each candidate for the Senate, asking whether that person is suitable to serve as Senator;
    2. elect the candidates with the most approval votes to serve as Senator, with an initial term lasting until the next general election for the Senate.
  12. At the first general election for Senate after establishment, each represented non-state entity shall
    1. offer a separate ballot question on the serving Senator, and each additional candidate for the Senate, asking whether that person is suitable to serve as Senator;
    2. sum each person's approval votes over the first general election and the initial special election;
    3. elect the candidate with the most approval votes in total as Senator, with an interim term of two years.
  13. At all subsequent general elections for Senate, each represented non-state entity shall
    1. offer a separate ballot question on the serving Senator, and each additional candidate for the Senate, asking whether that person is suitable to serve as Senator;
    2. sum each person's approval votes over the two most recent general elections for Senate;
    3. and if the serving Senator's term has expired, elect the candidate with the most approval votes in total to a regular term of four years.
  14. If any non-state's Senate office becomes vacant prior to the expiration of its term of service, the non-state entity shall
    1. sum the approval votes for each prior candidate for Senate, over the two most recent elections for Senate;
    2. remove from consideration any candidate not able to serve as Senator;
    3. appoint the person with the most approval votes in total to serve the remainder of the term.
  15. The Senate shall choose its own officers, not necessarily from among its Senators, including but not limited to
    1. the President of the Senate;
    2. the Secretary;
    3. the Sergeant-at-Arms;
    4. the Administrator;
  16. Upon votes in the Senate requiring a simple majority, and the President of the Senate is not a Senator, and the number of votes favoring and opposing are equal, the President may cast a vote to decide the issue.
5. Exclusive Powers of the House of Representatives
  1. All bills regarding the finances of the Federation must originate within the House of Representatives, including:
    1. taxes, duties, imposts, excises, and other obligate payments to the Treasury,
    2. raising revenue by other means,
    3. borrowing upon the credit of the Federation, or servicing debts owed by the Federation,
    4. administration of debts owed to the Federation,
    5. and disbursement of public funds.
  2. All impeachments must originate within the House of Representatives.
6. Exclusive Powers of the Senate
  1. All bills regarding relations between the Federation and the indigenous sovereign nations or tribes must originate within the Senate.
  2. All impeachments must be tried and decided in the Senate.
7. [work in progress]
Executive
1. [work in progress]
Judicial
1. [work in progress]
The Federation
1. [work in progress]
This Constitution; Amendments
1. [work in progress]